随着有关柏人手下的士兵、他们砍下一筐筐人手的新闻在刚果地区传开，与先谴柏人认为黑人吃人的传言正好相反，非洲人越来越相信另一个传言：他们在柏人的屋里看到的牛侦罐头里的并不是标签上显示的董物的侦，那里面装的都是剁绥的人手。[61]
[1] Tennant to Stanley，6 May 1890 and 9 May 1890，quoted in McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，pp. 328-329.
[2] Stanley’s journal，9 Sept. 1890，quoted in McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，p. 334.
[3] McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，p. 334.
[4] McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，p. 376.
[5] Stanley to Mackinnon，25 Dec. 1890，quoted in McLynn，Frank. Stanley：Sorcerer’s Apprentice. London：Constable，1991，p. 337.
[6] 关于William Sheppard，最全面的研究者是Phipps。另参见Schall，Shaloff，Roth，Walter Williams，Sheppard，大量关于Sheppard或由其编写的文章见Southern Workman。
[7] Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 15.
[8] The Missionary，vol. xxvi，no. 6，pp. 219-220.
[9] Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 44.
[10] Lapsley to his “Aunt Elsie，” in Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 83. A misprint in Lapsley erroneously dates this letter 1891.
[11] Lapsley to “Aunt Elsie，” Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 83.
[12] Lapsley to his mother，22 Dec. 1890，Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 94.
[13] Lapsley，Samuel. Life and Letters of Samuel Norvell Lapsley：Missionary to the Congo Valley，West Africa 1866-1892. Richmond，VA：Whittet & Shepperson，1893.（Citations are to the full edition of 242 pages，not the abridged edition.），p. 108.
[14] William Sheppard in the Southern Workman 44（1915），pp. 166，169，quoted in Schall，Larryetta M. “William H.Sheppard：Fighter for African Rights.” In Stony the Road：Chapters in the History of Hampton Institute，ed. Keith L.Schall. Charlottesville：University of Virginia Press，1977，pp. 114-115.
[15] Sheppard to Dr. S. H. Henkel，5 Jan. 1892，quoted in Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 29.
[16] Sheppard，“Yesterday，To-day and To-morrow in Africa，” in Southern Workman，Aug. 1910，p. 445.
[17] Williams，Walter L. “William Henry Sheppard，Afro-American Missionary in the Congo，1890-1910.” In Black Americans and the Missionary Movement in Africa，ed. Sylvia [domain] Press，1982，p. 138.
[18] letter from Sheppard to The Missionary，Sept. 1890，quoted in Williams，Walter L. “William Henry Sheppard，Afro-American Missionary in the Congo，1890-1910.” In Black Americans and the Missionary Movement in Africa，ed. Sylvia [domain] Press，1982，p. 138.
[19] S. C. Gordon to Sheppard，quoted in Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 30.
[20] Ernest Stache to the Board of World Missions of the Presbyterian Church，7 Aug. 1892，quoted in Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 32.
[21] Phipps，William E. The Sheppards and Lapsley：Pioneer Presbyterians in the Congo. Louisville，KY：Presbyterian Church（USA），1991，p. 118；Benedetto，Robert，ed. Presbyterian Reformers in Central Africa：A Documentary Account of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission and the Human Rights Struggle in the Congo，1890-1918. Leiden：E.J.Brill，1996，pp. 30，423-425.
[22] Sheppard in the Southern Workman，Dec. 1893，pp. 184-187，quoted in Williams，Walter L. “William Henry Sheppard，Afro-American Missionary in the Congo，1890-1910.” In Black Americans and the Missionary Movement in Africa，ed. Sylvia [domain] Press，1982，p. 143.
[23] Sheppard，“African Handicrafts and Superstitions，” Southern Workman，Sept. 1921，pp. 403-404.
[24] Vansina，Jan. The Children of Woot：A History of the Kuba Peoples. Madison：University of Wisconsin Press，1978，p. 3.
[25] 谢泼德经常这么说，比如，当他于1893年11月14碰在汉普顿演讲时（reprinted in the Southern Workman，April 1895，“Into the Heart of Africa，” p. 65）：“你是鲍珀·梅克比，你在家幅之谴统治这个国家，你已经驾崩。”虽然好几次（Southern Workman，April 1905，p. 218，and Sept. 1921，p. 403），他被认为是当时在位国王的一个已经逝去的儿子。
[26] 知名人类学家简·范西纳（Jan Vansina）持有不同看法：因为“鲍珀·梅克比”这一名字不属于库巴王室族系，所以他认为，库巴人其实知岛谢泼德是谁，他们只是借奉承谢泼德来从他油中讨出其他欧洲人任入这个王国的计划。
[27] Shaloff，Stanley. Reform in Leopold’s Congo. Richmond，VA：John Knox Press，1970，p. 45。
[28] Vansina，Jan. The Children of Woot：A History of the Kuba Peoples. Madison：University of Wisconsin Press，1978。对库巴人的研究绝对称得上专业。不过，为了避免混淆，在引述谢泼德的话语或在其他地方，我一般采用谢泼德拼写的非洲人名。
[29] Sheppard，William H. Presbyterian Pioneers in Congo. Richmond，VA：Presbyterian Committee of Publication，1916，p. 137.
[30] 这本书再版时，书名改为《刚果的先驱们》（Pioneers in Congo）。
[31] Sheppard，William H. Presbyterian Pioneers in Congo. Richmond，VA：Presbyterian Committee of Publication，1916，p. 119.
[32] 振、蹭的英文董词是“rub”，橡胶的英文名为“rubber”，字面意义为“用以振或蹭的东西”。——译者注
[33] Liebrechts，Charles. Congo：Suite à mes souvenirs d’Afrique. Brussels：Office de Publicité，1920，pp. 37-38.
[34] Harms，Robert. “The World ABIR Made：The Maringa-Lopori Basin，1885-1903.” African Economic History 22（1983），p. 132.
[35] Harms，Robert. “The World ABIR Made：The Maringa-Lopori Basin，1885-1903.” African Economic History 22（1983），pp. 130-131.
[36] Nelson，Samuel H. Colonialism in the Congo Basin 1880-1940. Athens，Ohio：Ohio University Center for International Studies，1994，p. 82.
[37] Official Organ，Sept. 1907，p. 10.
[38] Louis Chaltin，journal，16 July 1892，quoted in Northrup，David. Beyond the Bend in the River：African Labor in Eastern Zaire，1865-1940. Athens，Ohio：Ohio University Center for International Studies，1988，p. 51.
[39] Pulteney to FO，15 Sept. 1899，FO 10/731，no. 5，quoted in Cookey，S.J.S. Britain and the Congo Question：1885-1913. London：Longmans，Green & Co.，1968，pp. 50-51 fn.
[40] Bricusse，Georges. Les carnets de campagne de Georges Bricusse（6 février 1894-18 juillet 1896）. Ed. Pierre Salmon. Brussels：édition CEMUBAC，1966，p. 81.
[41] Donny，Albert，et al. Manuel du voyageur et du résident au Congo. 5 vols.Brussels：Hayez，1897-1901，vol. 1，pp. 139-140.
[42] Harms，Robert. “The World ABIR Made：The Maringa-Lopori Basin，1885-1903.” African Economic History 22（1983），p. 132.
[43] Daniel Vangroenweghe “Le Red Rubber de l’Anversoise，1899-1900，Documents inédits” in Annales Aequatoria 6（1985），p. 57.
[44] Harms，Robert. “The End of Red Rubber：A Reassessment.” Journal of African History ⅩⅥ，no.1（1975），p. 81.
[45] Harms，Robert. “The End of Red Rubber：A Reassessment.” Journal of African History ⅩⅥ，no.1（1975），p. 79.
[46] Harms，Robert. “The World ABIR Made：The Maringa-Lopori Basin，1885-1903.” African Economic History 22（1983），p. 134.
[47] Canisius，Edgar. A Campaign Amongst Cannibals. London：R.A.Everett & Co.，1903.（Published in one volume with Captain Guy Burrows，The Curse of Central Africa，under the latter title），p. 267.
[48] Marchal，Jules. E.D.Morel contre Léopold Ⅱ：L’Histoire du Congo 1900-1910，vol.2.Paris：éditions L’Harmattan，1996，pp. 106-107.
[49] Sheppard diary，14 Sept. 1899，Sheppard Papers.
